Before 1500, the western Great Plains was occupied by 3 sympatric wild canid species, which is the general rule throughout most of the world. However, during the past 100 years, substantial changes to the canid community have occurred in this region. During research on canids in the panhandle of Texas from 1998 to 2001, we documented 5 canid species within 5 km of each other, although there was apparent habitat segregation among species. This is the highest reported number of canid species at a given location in North America and indicates that recent human activities have increased the biodiversity of canids throughout the western Great Plains.